ekologi design

A. Pengertian Ilmu Lingkungan atau Environmental Science

Ilmu lingkungan atau Environmental Science (ES) merupakan suatu ilmu yang mempelajari interaksi antara komponen – komponen fisik, kimia dan biologi yang ada di lingkungan serta merupakan suatu disiplin ilmu yang saling melengkapi dengan ilmu alam, ilmu teknik dan ilmu sosial. Dalam keterkaitannya dengan Ilmu lingkungan, ES berfokus pada polusi dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas manusia yang berpengaruh pada perubahan biologis dan lingkungan berkelanjutan, serta melibatkan aspek ilmu ekonomi, ilmu hukum dan ilmu – ilmu sosial. Keseluruhan aspek ilmu tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan yang saling berhubungan dan berpengaruh pada lingkungan.

Ilmu lingkungan dalam konteks arstitektur erat kaitannya dengan istilah Ecological Design atau Arsitektur Ekologis, dimana dalam setiap perencanaan arsitektur selalu mempertimbangkan kaidah atau aspek lingkungan yang ada untuk dapat memberikan kontribusi di dalam pembangunan sehingga mampu meminimalkan dampak negatif dalam pembangunan demi kelestarian lingkungan dan alam tetap terjaga. Dalam hal ini konteks ilmu lingkungan tidak lepas dari prilaku manusia itu sendiri sebagai suatu komponen lingkungan yang paling dominan karena manusia senantiasa mengolah, mengambil dan mengembangkan sesuatu yang ada di alam itu sendiri. Untuk mencapai keseimbangan lingkungan tentu diperlukan kesadaran dari manusia agar merasa memiliki dan mencintai segenap makhluk hidup dan alam lingkungannya sebagai tempat hidupnya.

Konsep arsitektur ekologis mengandung bagian – bagian, antara lain : arsitektur biologis yaitu arstektur kemanusiaan yang memperhatikan kesehatan, arsitektur alternatif yaitu pemikiran akan penggunaan energi alternatif lainnya namun tetap memperhatikan kaidah lingkungan, arsitektur matahari yaitu arsitektur yang memanfaatkan energi surya, arsitektur bionik dikaitkan dalam bidang teknik sipil dan konstruksi yang memperhatikan kesehatan manusia, serta biologi pembangunan.

B. Isu – Isu Tentang Perusakan Lingkungan Dewasa Ini

Beberapa isu – isu tentang perusakan lingkungan yang sedang gencar – gencarnya dibahas oleh berbagai pihak yang peduli dan prihatin akan kondisi lingkungan saat ini sedang menjadi topik dunia. Berbagai jenis revolusi dan gerakan cinta lingkungan telah digerakkan untuk menjadi sesuatu yang benar – benar dipikirkan untuk masa depan. Seperti contoh Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI), Green Peace, Green Light, Green Movie Community, dan sebagainya. Berbagai inti permasalahan lingkungan digali dari segi sosial, politik, hukum dan ekonomi. Karena keseluruhan aspek ilmu menimbulkan sebab dan akibat yang saling berhubungan dengan lingkungan. Dalam Majalah Sustainable Constuction dijelaskan apa saja yang menjadi penyumbang perusakan lingkungan, dantaranya :

1. Pertambahan jumlah populasi manusia dimuka bumi

Jumlah penduduk yang terus bertambah menyebabkan semakin sesaknya populasi penduduk dunia, hal ini menyebabkan bumi tidak sanggup lagi menampung ledakan populasi yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kepadatan penduduk menyebabkan kebutuhan konsumsi semakin tinggi. Berbagai rentetan sosial seperti pengangguran, kelaparan, serta penyakit – penyakit lain yang timbul akibat lingkungan pemukiman yang tidak layak huni.

2. Eksploitasi dan konsumsi sumber daya yang berlebihan
Keinginan manusia untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan hidup menyebabkan mereka selalu ingin mengambil sumber daya alam secara terus – menerus, selain itu dituntut pula dengan kecepatan yang semakin lama semakin tinggi. Adanya teknologi menyebabkan perubahan gaya hidup, dan sekarang manusia tidak puas memiliki hunian secukupnya. Hal ini berdampak pada pemikiran mereka untuk menggunakan tanah semaksimal mungkin untuk bangunan karena harga tanah yang semakin menjulang tinggi. Lama kelamaan ruang terbuka hijau akan semakin berkurang.

3.Sumber daya yang tak terbaharukan

Gas bumi dan biji besi merupakan dua contoh sumber daya yang tak terbaharukan. Kayu merupakan salah satu sumber daya yang sangat lama terbaharukan dan kini kayu menjadi material yang tidak sustainable karena tidak mudah terbaharukan. Eksploitasi besar-besaran menyebabkan kita kehabisan sumber daya dengan sangat cepat. Kasus kebakaran, pencurian dan penebangan pohon mengakibatkan hutan tidak sanggup lagi menyerap CO2 dan mengolahnya menjadi H2O.

4. Proses pengolahan dan transportasi
Proses pengolahan dan pengangkutan bahan mentah yang bersumber dari alam menyebabkan perlunya energi dan bahan bakar yang sangat banyak. Yang pada akhirnya berakibat timbulnya emisi atau gas buangan hasil proses pembakaran energi.

5. Pemanasan Global
Konsumsi manusia dalam pengambilan sumber daya, penggunaan transportasi, kapadatan penduduk, pembabatan hutan dan lain sebagainya menyebabkan meningkatnya konsentrasi CO2. Atmosfer di lapisan bumi menjadi menipis dan semakin tebalnya kadar CO2 di udara, sehingga panas matahari terperangkap yang kemudian menyebabkan terganggunya pelepasan panas dari bumi ke luar atmosfer. Hal inilah disebut dengan pemanasan global atau Global Warming, dengan efek yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim yang cukup drastis.

6. Konstruksi, menyumbang kerusakan lingkungan terbesar.
Kontribusi bidang konstruksi terhadap kerusakan alam antara lain : dimulai dari pengambilan material dari berbagai sumber terkait dengan proses pengangkutannya, pengolahan material – material yang akan dipergunakan, pendistribusian material jadi dari sumbernya ke pemakai, proses konstruksi itu sendiri, pengambilan lahan untuk bangunan, dan konsumsi energi yang dimulai saat bangunan dipakai. Secara global sector konstruksi mengonsumsi 50% sumber daya alam, 40% energi, dan 16% air. Konsruksi juga menyumbangkan emisi CO2 terbanyak, yaitu 45%. Hal ini menandakan bahwa dalam pembangunan kita tidak lagi meningkatkn kualitas hidup kita, sebab kerusakan alam yang terjadi sebagai akibatnya sama dengan penurunan kualitas manusia. Dalam hal ini untuk pemecahan bidang konstuksi sangat diperlukan langkah yang bijaksana untuk menerapkan konstruksi yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Dimana konstruksi tersebut berusaha meminimalisasi kerusakan yang ada di alam.

Dalam pengambilan material untuk pembangunnan diperlukan pemikiran transportasi untuk meminimalisasi perusakan lingkungan.

Dampak daripada konstruksi menurut data-data dari Alex Bueci dalam workshop PT. Holcim Indonesia ditampilkan bahwa konstruksi mengonsumsi 50% hasil alam, 40% energi, dan 16% air. Limbah akibat konstruksi baik untuk pembangunan dan peruntuhan jauh lebih banyak dibandingkan gabungan volume seluruh limbah rumah tangga. Dan secara keseluruhan kegiatan konstruksi menyumbangkan 45% emisi CO2, melebihi gabungan antara transportasi dan industry lain.

C. Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan untuk menuju Arsitektur Berwawasan Lingkungan

Dalam buku Dasar–dasar Eko-arsitektur dijelaskan bagaimana konsep arsitektur berwawasan lingkungan serta kualitas konstruksi dan bahan bangunan untuk rumah sehat dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia. Dalam penerapannya, alam merupakan suatu pola perencanaan eko-arsitektur. Lingkungan alam sebagai makrokosmos dan lingkungan buatan (rumah) sebagai mikrokosmos. Beberapa hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pola perencanaan eko arsitetur antara lain :

1. Penyesuaian terhadap lingkungan alam setempat. Perencanaan pembangunan hendaknya mmperhatikan orientasi terhadap sinar matahari, arah angin, perubahan suhu siang dan malam serta penggunaan tumbuhan dan air sebagai pengatur iklim. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai suatu usaha untuk menghemat energi.

2 Menghemat sumber energi alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui dan mengirit penggunaan energi. Beberapa hal yang bisa dilakuan antara lain dengan meminimalisasi penggunaan energi untuk alat pendingin, optimalisasi pada penggunaan sumber energi yang tidak dapat diperbaharui, menggunakan energi alternatif dan energi surya.

3. Memelihara sumber lingkungan udara, tanah, dan air yaitu dengan memperhatikan berbagai aspek bahan pencemar yang bisa mengganggu peredaran air, kebersihan udara dan tanah.

4. Memelihara dan memperbaiki peredaran alam. Setiap aktivitas manusia harus memperhatikan semua ekosistem yang harus dimengerti sebagai suatu peredaran di alam dan manusia tidak boleh merusaknya. Contoh : dalam kegiatan penggunaan bahan bangunan harus memperhatikan rantai bahannya sehingga tetap berfungsi juga sebagai peredaran.

5. Mengurangi ketergantungan pada sistem pusat energi (listrik, air) dan limbah (air limbah, sampah).

6. Penghuni ikut serta secara aktif pada perencanaan pembangunan, dan pemeliharaan perumahan.

7. Tempat kerja dan pemukiman dekat. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar akses atau pencapaian dari rumah ke tempat kerja bisa dilakukan dengan berjalan kaki atau bersepeda sehingga mampu mengurangi emisi atau gas buangan yang terlalu banyak dari kendaraan bermotor.

8. Kemungkinan penghuni menghasilkan sendiri kebutuhannya sehari – hari.

9. Menggunakan teknologi sederhana yaitu dapat dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan teknologi mudah dirawat dan dipelihara serta sesuai dengan teknologi pertukangan.

Konsep arsitektur ekologis adalah memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip ekologis pada perencanaan lingkungan buatan. Seperti pada gambar di dibawah, peredaran yang ada di lingkungan baik berupa pemanfaatan sinar matahari, udara, air hujan dan tanaman dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin untuk perencanaan suatu bangunan.

Referensi

Frick H, FX Bambang Suskiyanto, (1998), Dasar-dasar Eko-arsitektur, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta.

Akmal Imelda Studio Architecture, (2007), Sustainable Constuction, Penerbit Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.

Armansyah A & Munggoro W, (2008), Menjadi Environmentalis Itu Gampang!, Penerbit WALHI, Jakarta.

Wanda Widigdo C, Pendekatan Ekologi pada Rancangan Arsitektur, sebagai upaya mengurangi Pemanasan Global, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, UK Petra.

http://fplh.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/teknologi_pemanasan-070806.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Takeshita_street_view.jpg/180px-Takeshita_street_view.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_CXyywDK1Ymk/Sk_KfJIlBI/AAAAAAAAAtk/Omm_IasJjUo/s1600-h/Hutan+Kolo+Bawah.jpg

ekologi arsitektur

The Good Life Social Ecology

Posted by Filip Visnjic at 10am on 29/5/08
Filed Under: Domestic, Ecology, Everyday Poetics, Featured, Housing, Morphology - Archetype, Thinking, WAG Thinking

WAG have continued to develop their sub/urban cohousing permaculture research, which was recently commended by Europan. The scheme has been developed through the use of Ecology Diagrams – drawings which aim to capture all of the material, energy, information and social flows acting upon a site.


The design is aimed at meeting a growing niche demand in the housing market. The proposal is an opt-in community for individuals and families who want to take the next step in sustainable modern living. The Social Ecology is organised through the collective ownership and management of a community freehold, with private leaseholds for dwellings. There are shared car pools, rather than private car ownership, and instead of roads, a network of cycle routes and footpaths cross the site. There is an ecology of green spaces – from public to private. There are a range of dwelling types, clustered into groups of twenty units, organised around a linear public park, a permaculture based community school, a market hall and democratic billboard mediaspace. Each co-housing cluster overlooks shared garden, organic food growing and playground spaces. The individual dwelling units are organised around private courtyard gardens, which are treated as an external living rooms.
More information:

konsep ekologi

arsitektur ekologi

The Final stage in the process of choosing entries from the national ‘Designs for Australia’s cities 2050+’ competition to be exhibited in the Australian Pavilion at this year’s Venice Biennale has been announced. A total of 17 proposals were chosen from the shortlist.
Most of these will be rendered in 3D for screening in the Australian Pavilion in Venice, while others may be incorporated in a smaller capacity.
The Creative Directors were impressed by the range of approach and philosophy of the ideas expressed in both stages of the ‘Designs for Australian Cities 2050+’ Competition. In many ways the competition exceeded expectations and they look forward to broadcasting selected entries on the worldwide stage of the Biennale.
The team’s two-part ‘NOW + WHEN Australian Urbanism’ exhibition will highlight six of Australia’s most interesting urban and anti-urban regions as they are ‘NOW’, before dramatically representing the 17 futuristic urban environments from the competition imagining a ‘WHEN’ we reach 2050 and beyond.
The teams chosen to contribute to the exhibition are:
Sydney 2050: Fraying Ground, RAG URBANISM, Richard Goodwin (Richard Goodwin Art/Architecture), Andrew Benjamin, Gerard Reinmuth (TERRIOR)
Symbiotic City, Steve Whitford (University of Melbourne, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning) + James Brearley (BAU Brearley Architects and Urbanists, Adjunct Professor RMIT)
The Fear Free City, Justyna Karakiewicz, Tom Kvan and Steve Hatzellis
A City of Hope, EDMOND & CORRIGAN, Design – Peter Corrigan (everything), Realisation – Michael Spooner (and support)
Mould City, Colony Collective, Madeleine Beech, Jono Brener, Nicola Dovey, Peter Raisbeck and Simon Wollan
Sedimentary City, Brit Andresen and Mara Francis
Aquatown, NH Architecture with Andrew Mackenzie
Multiplicity, John Wardle Architects & Stefano Boscutti
Ocean City, Arup Biomimetics, Alanna Howe, Alexander Hespe
-41 + 41, Peck Dunin Simpson Architects, Fiona Dunin, Alex Peck, Andrew Simpsons in association with Martina Johnson, Third Skin, Eckersley Garden Architecture, Angus McIntyre, Tim Kreger
Survival vs Resilience, BKK Architects (Tim Black, Julian Kosloff, Simon Knott, George Huon, Julian Faelli, Madeleine Beech, Jane Caught and Steffan Heath) Village Well, Charter Cramer and Daniel Piker
Terra Form Australis, HASSELL, Holopoint & The Environment Institute, Tim Horton, Tony Grist, Prof Mike Young, Ben Kilsby, Sharon Mackay, Susie Nicolai, Mike Mouritz
Island Proposition 2100 (IP2100), Scott Lloyd, Aaron Roberts (room11) and Katrina Stoll
Implementing the Rhetoric, Harrison and White with Nano Langenheim, Marcus White, Stuart Harrison and Nano Lagenheim
How Does it Make You Feel (HDIMYF), Ben Statkus (Statkus Architecture), Daniel Agdag, Melanie Etchell, William Golding, Anna Nguyen, Joel Ng
Loop-Pool / Saturation City, McGauran Giannini Soon (MGS), Bild + Dyskors, Material Thnking, MGS – Eli Giannini, Jocelyn Chiew, Catherine Ranger, Bild – Ben Milbourne, Dyskors – Edmund Carter, Material Thinking – Paul Carter
a tale of two cities, Billard Leece Partnership Pty Ltd
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via Bustler

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Water Purification Skyscraper / Jakarta by Rezza Rahdian, Erwin Setiawan, Ayu Diah Shanti, Leonardus Chrisnantyo

Posted in Architecture, Ecology, Landscape, Technology, Texture by RADDblog on March 9, 2010

RADDblog yesterday reported on the winning entries for the eVolo 2010 Skyscraper Competition, and now we would like to highlight a few of the winning entries that we felt were pretty spectacular. Water Purification Skyscraper / Jakarta by Rezza Rahdian, Erwin Setiawan, Ayu Diah Shanti, Leonardus Chrisnantyo took home the Second Place Prize.
from the designers:
Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, was originally designed as a water city where thirteen rivers that crossed the city utilized completely as source of livelihood by the citizens. Ciliwung River as the largest river that cuts right along the center of the city is the main river that supports the citizens’ life. Unfortunately, today the river had become disaster for the citizens, because surge of water flooded the city, and the number of slums along the riverbanks adds a new problem, namely the pollution of watershed’s surrounding.
Ciliwung Recovery Program (CRP), a project aims to purify the Ciliwung River’s environment to its original form. Through the new system in the building, CRP is expected to be able to repair and become the sustainability generator for Jakarta.
There are three main lines in the process of purifying the Ciliwung river, first line is the flow of the polluted river water into the building through pipes by utilizing capillary vessel systems, into the filtrating section. At this stage, the river water is separated from garbage, the organic garbage then used as raw materials to fertilize the soil around the river basin, while garbage-free water proceeded to the next stage or channeled back into the river.
The second line is the phase of river water purification through elimination of dangerous contaminants, and addition of various good minerals to the water, so it is safe for daily needs of CRP building occupants, which is people who previously lived in the slums along Ciliwung River. Removal of riverbank dwellers into the CRP building aims to open and expand Ciliwung watersheds that will be prepared to be the new open spaces for more “green” Jakarta and to secure the flood plane.
The third line is the re-processing of household waste products into water which is safe to be returned to the Ciliwung River. Some of processed water are being distributed to lands around Ciliwung River in two ways. First, through capillary pipes under the ground that not only bring water, but also fertilizer produced in the first line. Capillary tubings are connected to generator towers around the damaged lands, and create a new environment that’s usable for agriculture. Second, by spraying processed water through the skin of the building. Spraying water from height raises the humidity in the lower part of the building that triggers the growth of pioneer plants that will contribute to the creation of a new ecosystem. CRP’s ecosystems will create a good microclimate for Jakarta, as well as a response to the lost of many open green spaces around the world that leads to global warming.
CRP buildings generate energy for itself, including the use of passive technology systems in the building. The skin of the building is designed with many layers, where the outer layer of the skin receives large amount of wind that used as a wind power generator. For solar power generator, there is a gigantic solar reactor at the top. The elevator of CRP building uses Archimedes principle of vessels. It will move up and down by accommodating its specific gravity. The excess energy generated from CRP system will be distributed to buildings around the Ciliwung River.
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via eVolo (please click the images below for higher res)

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eVolo Announces Winners of 2010 Skyscraper Competition

Posted in Architecture, Ecology, Illustration, Planning, Research, Technology, Texture by RADDblog on March 8, 2010

The winners of eVolo’s 2010 Skyscraper Competition were announced today. After several years of organizing, this annual competition has become a renowned architectural prize around the world. The main idea of the contest is to examine the relationship between the skyscraper and the natural world, the skyscraper and the community, and the skyscraper and urban living. The competition asked to push our imagination to redefine the term skyscraper through the use of new materials, technology, aesthetics, programs, and spatial organizations. Globalization, environmental warming, flexibility, adaptability, and the digital revolution are just some of the multi-layered elements that were in the focal point.
First Place: Vertical Prison by Chow Khoon Toong, Ong Tien Yee, Beh Ssi Cze, Malaysia (project info)
Second Place: Water Purification Skyscraper in Jakarta by Rezza Rahdian, Erwin Setiawan, Ayu Diah Shanti, Leonardus Chrisnantyo, Indonesia (project info)
Third Place: Nested Skyscraper in Tokyo by Ryohei Koike, Jarod Poenisch, United States (project info)
For Special Mentions click here.
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via Bustler

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Handmade School / Bangladesh by Anna Heringer & Eike Roswag

Posted in Architecture, Ecology, Economy, Interiors, Social by RADDblog on March 4, 2010

Context

Bangladesh is a fertile alluvial land in the Gulf of Bengal and the land with the highest population density in the world. On average nearly 1000 people live in every square kilometre and over 80% of the population live in rural areas. Much of the vernacular built tradition uses earth and bamboo as a building material, however, construction techniques are error-prone and many buildings lack foundations and damp proof coursing. Such buildings require regular mainte- nance, are often prone to damage and last on average only 10 years.

Project aims

It is particularly important to improve the quality of living in the rural areas in order to counteract the continuing popula- tion migration to the cities. The primary potential for developing building in the rural areas is the low cost of labour and locally available resources such as earth and bamboo.
The project’s main strategy is to communicate and develop knowledge and skills within the local population so that they can make the best possible use of their available resources. Historic building techniques are developed and improved and the skills passed on to local tradesmen transforming in the process the image of the building techniques.

Concept and Design

METI aims to promote individual abilities and interests taking into account the different learning speeds of the schoolchil- dren and trainees in a free and open form of learning. It offers an alternative to the typical frontal approach to lessons. The architecture of the new school reflects this principle and provides different kinds of spaces and uses to support this approach to teaching and learning.
On the ground floor with its thick earth walls, three classrooms are located each with their own access opening to an organically shaped system of ‘caves’ to the rear of the classroom. The soft interiors of theses spaces are for touching, for nestling up against, for retreating into for exploration or concentration, on one’s own or in a group.
The upper floor is by contrast light and open, the openings in its bamboo walls offering sweeping views across the sur- roundings, its large interior providing space for movement. The view expands across the treetops and the village pond. Light and shadows from the bamboo strips play across the earth floor and contrast with the colourful materials of the saris on the ceiling.

Building construction and techniques

The building rests on a 50cm deep brick masonry foundation rendered with a facing cement plaster. Bricks are the most common product of Bangladesh’s building manufacturing industry. Bangladesh has almost no natural reserves of stone and as an alternative the clayey alluvial sand is fired in open circular kilns into bricks. These are used for building or are broken down for use as an aggregrate for concrete or as ballast chippings. Imported coal is used to fire the kilns.
Aside from the foundation, the damp proof course was the other most fundamental addition to local earthen building skills. The damp proof course is a double layer of locally available PE-film. The ground floor is realised as load-bearing walls using a technique similar to cob walling. A straw-earth mixture with a low straw content was manufactured with the help of cows and water buffalo and then heaped on top of the foundation wall to a height of 65cm per layer. Excess material extending beyond the width of the wall is trimmed off using sharp spades after a few days. After a drying period of about a week the next layer of cob can be applied. In the third and fourth layers the door and window lintels and jambs were integrated as well as a ring beam made of thick bamboo canes as a wall plate for the ceiling.
The ceiling of the ground floor is a triple layer of bamboo canes with the central layer arranged perpendicular to the layers above and beneath to provide lateral stabilisation and a connection between the supporting beams. A layer of planking made of split bamboo canes was laid on the central layer and filled with the earthen mixture analogue to the technique often used in the ceilings of European timber-frame constructions.
The upper storey is a frame construction of four-layer bamboo beams and vertical and diagonal members arranged at right angles to the building. The end of the frames at the short ends of the building and the stair also serve to stiffen the building. These are connected via additional structural members with the upper and lower sides of the main beams and equipped with additional windbracing on the upper surface of the frame. A series of bamboo rafters at half the interval of the frame construction beneath provide support for the corrugated iron roof construction and are covered with timber panelling and adjusted in height to provide sufficient run-off.

Finishes and fittings

The exterior surface of the earth walls remains visible and the window jambs are rendered with a lime plaster. The framework constructon of the green façade to the rear is made of bamboo canes seated in footings made of old well pipe and with split horizontal timbers as latticework. The interior surfaces are plastered with a clay paster and painted with a lime-based paint. The ‘cave’s are made of a straw-earth daub applied to a supporting structure of bamboo canes and plastered with a red earth plaster. The upper storey façades are clad with window frames covered with bamboo strips and coupling elements hung onto the columns of the frame construction. A fifth layer of cob walling provides a parapet around the upper storey forming a bench run- ning around the perimeter of the building and anchoring the upper storey frame construction and roof against wind from beneath. A textile ceiling is hung beneath the roof is lit from behind in the evening. The cavity behind the textiles ventilates the roof space.

On-site labour using and training the local workforce

The masonry foundation was constructed by a company from the regional capital Dinajpur around 20km from Rudrapur. The earth building works and bamboo construction was undertaken by local labourers. The building techniques were implemented and developed on the job together with architects and tradesmen from Germany and Austria. 25 local tradesmen from the vicinity were trained during the building works creating new jobs and providing professional “help for self-help”.

Exemplary nature, transferability, follow-on projects

School handmade showcases the potential of good planning and design, from the arrangement of the building on the site to the realisation of aspects in detail. Furthermore it demonstrates the possibilities of building with earth and bamboo using simple methods as the continua- tion of a local rural building tradition and can serve as an example for future building developments in the area.
A stable foundation and a damp proof course are the primary technical prerequisites for building with earth, making the buildings last longer and reducing maintenance requirements. For smaller room spans, the newly developed bamboo ceiling construction can be made entirely out of local materials using handmade jute rope and bamboo dowelling.

METI, Modern Education and Training Institute

METI enables children and young people in the region to take classes up to the age of 14 and provides workshops for trade-oriented professions. The idea is to provide the rural population with access to good, holistically-oriented educa- tion. The children and young people are encouraged to develop into responsible, motivated and creative personalities and to use their skills to improve and develop their immediate rural environment. Reading, writing and arithmetic as well as languages are offered in a free environment and through open forms of learning. Meditation, dance and creative writ- ing are part of everyday learning at the METI School as are discussions, learning as part of a group and self-critical and social behaviour.
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via archdaily

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MAP Manual of Architectural Possibilities) 002 QUARANTINE by David Garcia Studio

Posted in Abandonment, Apocalypse, Architecture, Ecology, Illustration, Landscape, Planning, Reoccupation, Research by RADDblog on March 2, 2010

RADDblog previously reported on MAP 001 ANTARCTICA by David Garcia Studio, and they are now releasing the second installment: MAP 002 QUARANTINE.
from the designers:
DAVID GARCIA STUDIO is proud to be exhibiting at the prestigious STOREFRONT FOR ART AND ARCHITECTURE in New York, at the “LANDSCAPES OF QUARANTINE” exhibition, curated by Geoff Manaugh and Nicola Twilley. The Studio will be exhibiting and launching the second issue of  MAP (Manual of Architectural Possibilities). MAP 001 focused on Antarctica, and with MAP 002 QUARANTINE will be investigating and questioning the subject through research and projects, and the realm of architectural ideas. Four projects are treated on this issue: A Domestic Isolation Unit, an Instantly Quarantinable Farm, a Zoo of Infectious Species, and a Quarantined Library on a cargo ship. Along with the projects, our fact page will focus on a series of topics regarding quarantine, from the biological to the political, the geographical and beyond. We are happy to have Peter Cook along again, writing the introduction. Each number of MAP 002 is individually numbered from 1 to 2000.
The opening will take place Tuesday evening, March 9th at 7 pm, where MAP will be on sale.
“LANDSCAPES OF QUARANTINE”
9th March – 17th April, 2010
STOREFRONT FOR ART AND ARCHITECTURE
97 Kenmare Street
New York, NY 10012
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via MAP and BLDGBLOG

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“Envelopes” Exhibition at Pratt Manhattan Gallery’s

Posted in Ecology, Installation, Sculpture, Technology, Texture by RADDblog on March 1, 2010

Here’s a very cool event you should not miss if you’re in New York this March or April: Pratt Manhattan Gallery will present “Envelopes,” an exhibition that will explore new and sustainable potentials of the architectural surface in terms of the skin of a building and also as a sensorial space that envelops the body.
“Envelopes” will feature full-scale, interactive models accompanied by architectural renderings in the form of drawings and computer animations, and documentation of the process of investigation into these models from eight international firms and designers. The exhibition will run from March 5 through May 5, 2010 and will be celebrated with an opening reception on Thursday, March 4 from 6–8 PM. The exhibition and opening reception are free and open to the public.
“Envelopes” is guest curated by Christopher Hight, an associate professor at Rice University’s School of Architecture. Hight’s inspiration for the exhibition title and concept originated from parallels between the envelope of a building and the envelope of human skin; the building envelope repeats the metaphor of the building as a body and as a prosthetic second skin that allows human beings to exist within a hostile environment. Inspired by early 20th century biologist Jacob von Uexküll and his interest in how living beings relate to and perceive their environment, the title of the show refers to the role of the building envelope and the idea of envelopment of one’s body and senses within a larger environment.
“Issues of sustainability and ecology raise many conceptual and design issues about the nature of the boundary between body, building, and larger environments,” said Hight. “The architects in ‘Envelopes’ are all exploring relationships between systems—human, animal, plant, and energy flow—as a site for architectural innovation in the 21st century,” he added
Hight pursues design research on the nexus of landscape, ecology, and emerging forms of urbanization. He is co-editor of AD: Collective Intelligence in Design (Academy Press, 2006), Heterogeneous Space (Wiley, 2009), and has recently published a book on cybernetics, post-humanism, formalism, and post-World War II architectural design, titled Architectural Principles in the Age of Cybernetics (Routledge, 2008).
Participating architects and architecture firms include:

• !ndie Architecture, a Denver-based firm that engages in a range of architectural and urban questions through research projects and practice, with a specialization in digital and industrial technology, housing, and suburbanism
• HouMinn Practice, a Houston and Minneapolis-based firm recognized for its research and innovative design whose collaborative efforts reach beyond the discipline of architecture
• Mary Ellen Carroll—MEC design studios, a New York-based conceptual artist, with Kevin Topek of Permaculture Design, LLC; and Carlise Vandervoort
• Michael U. Hensel and Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel are research directors and board members at OCEAN Design Research, an international, interdisciplinary, and independent research firm that conducts research by design in the intersection of architecture, design, music, and science with the goal of improving the current built environment and anthropobiosphere
• Nataly Gattegno and Jason Kelly Johnson are founding design partners of Future Cities Lab, an interdisciplinary design and research collaborative bridging architecture and landscape urbanism with material sciences, robotics, and engineering
• Philippe Rahm, an architect who practices out of Paris and Lausanne and focuses on “meterological” architecture
• Tobias Emilsson, Jonah Fritzell, Marcelyn Gow, Ulrika Karlsson, and Chris Perry of servo, an international research and design collaborative that focuses on the development of architectural environments through the proliferation of electronic and digital equipment and interfaces
• Weathers, a Chicago-based environmental design office that studies social, spatial, and organizational structures and their implications to lifestyle and environment.

“Envelopes” is made possible by an award from the National Endowment for the Arts and with public funds from the New York State Council on the Arts, a state agency; and the Cultural Services of the French Embassy in the United States.
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via Bustler

Danau Balang Tonjong merupakan daerah tangkapan air yang senantiasa basah, meskipun kondisi geologisnya berbatuan, namun secara alami terbentuk celah (crack) yang dirembesi air. Sehingga saat musim kemarau, wilayah tersebut tidak pernah kering. Awalnya, danau ini merupakan reservoir alami. Selain sebagai penampung air, juga berfungsi sebagai pengendali banjir.

Namun kini, keberadaan danau tersebut sedikit demi sedikit terabaikan karena tidak terawat. Saat ini hampir seluruh permukaan danau dipenuhi tanaman enceng gondok yang salah satu akibatnya adalah semakin tebalnya endapan lumpur di dasar danau yang mengakibatkan debit air danau semakin bertambah.

Balang Tonjong merupakan kawasan lindung dan ruang terbuka hijau yang juga memiliki kontribusi bagi pelestarian alam. Di samping itu, masyarakat sekitar menginginkan agar lingkungan sekitar Danau Balang Tonjong segera ditata agar dapat memberi nilai tambah bagi kehidupan mereka baik dari segi ekologis, estetika, ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan pelestarian lingkungan. Konkritnya, selain untuk tujuan rekreasi, juga memberi nilai tambah ekonomis, dan sebagai pengendali banjir.

Danau ini ditetapkan menjadi daerah resapan air sesuai dengan Peraturan Daerah Kota Makassar  tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Makassar 2005-2015 serta draft Peraturan Presiden mengenai Kawasan Mamminasata. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut dengan hasil yang maksimal, pemerintah Kota Makassar menyelenggarakan sayembara Penataan Danau Balang Tonjong.


Mainframe Design
Konsep desain yang diberikan untuk penataan kawasan danau Balang Tonjong ini adalah harmoni antara alam, manusia, dan lingkungan binaan—melahirkan sebuah desain yang mempertimbangkan sustainable development.

Dengan pendekatan konsep ini, pengembangan Balang Tonjong Eco Garden dapat dilakukan tanpa mengurangi fungsi asli danau sebagai kawasan resapan air sekaligus mendukung program pemerintah daerah untuk mewujudkan Sulawesi Go Green. Dengan tantangan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dalam pengembangan kawasan, maka konsep dasar hijau dijadikan mainframe penataan kawasan ini.

Untuk memudahkan pelaksanaan konsep ini,  kawasan danau Balang Tonjong dibagi menjadi tiga area, yakni 1)Area konservasi berfungsi menjaga dan mengembangkan kualitas dari fungsi utama site sebagai danau resapan dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) kota Makassar. 2) Area observasi berfungsi melakukan pengelolaan, pengembangan, dan penelitian pada site yang dapat bermanfaat bagi seluruh masyarakat, khususnya bagi pelajar, mahasiswa, dan peneliti. 3) Area rekreasi berfungsi menjaga dan mengembangkan fungsi rekreasi, sehingga mampu menjadi alternatif destinasi wisata kota yang terjangkau oleh semua kalangan masyarakat.

Strength and Opportunity Design
Pengolahan Balang Tonjong sebagai eco-garden yang paling utama adalah resapan air dan  pengolahan air, baik yang masuk dari kawasan permukiman di sekitarnya maupun yang mengalir ke danau tunggu, dengan sistem water plant yang mampu mengolah air menjadi Pembangkit Listrik Menengah sebagai solusi dari krisis listrik yang dialami Sulawesi Selatan saat ini.

Endapan yang ada dapat digunakan sebagai timbunan pada area visitor centre dan fungsi lainnya. Sementara populasi enceng gondok dilokalisir sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu fungsi rekreasi dan observasi pada kawasan ini tanpa mengesampingkan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Begitu pula pasar yang dilokalisir pada area public Balang Tonjong Eco Garden, sehingga dapat tertata rapi dan tetap berfungsi maksimal sebagai penunjang ekonomi dan fasilitas kawasan.

Konsep Kesatuan Bentuk
Bentuk bangunan yang atraktif mencerminkan simbol rekreasi dan responsible sebagai wujud sustainable design terhadap kondisi lahan. Diharapkan Balang Tonjong Eco-Garden dapat menjadi node kawasan sekaligus landmark kota Makassar.


Visitor centre sekaligus sebagai fasad awal pada kawasan ini dibuat dengan konsep tanah lapang sehingga view awal yang terlihat oleh pengunjung adalah tanah hijau yang terhampar luas, memberikan kesan  sejuk dan nyaman sehingga diharapkan mampu memikat pengunjung untuk singgah di danau Balang Tonjong.

Bentuknya yang miring dan hampir menyatu dengan tanah sebagai bentuk harmonisasi antara lingkungan binaan dan environment. Lapisan rumput pada atap visitor centre berfungsi mempertahankan fungsi alami lahan sebagai resapan.


Rest Area dan shopping corner didesain dengan nuansa atraktif dengan atap berbentuk segitiga sehingga dapat memberikan sebuah sensasi desain yang menyatu dengan alam. Konsep panggung yang dipertahankan sebagai wadah interaksi sosial yang tepat berada di atas shopping corner sekaligus berfungsi sebagai sirkulasi udara alami yang terbentuk antara bangunan shopping corner dan atap bangunan

Konsep Material
Material yang digunakan pada umumnya berbahan aluminium dan baja. Pengurangan penggunaan material kayu pada bangunan dimaksudkan dalam mendukung penghijauan. Sedangkan warna yang digunakan lebih menuju ke warna-warna alam, seperti hijau daun, putih-biru (awan dan air), serta coklat (tanah), diharapkan penggunaan warna-warna alami dapat memberikan nuansa yang lebih segar dan sejuk di tengah hiruk-pikuknya kota Makassar.